unit 11 适用法律和争议的解决
11.1.1法律条文
1，合营企业合同的订立、效力、解释、履行及其争议的解决，适用中华人民共和国法律。 1. The conclusion, validity, interpretation, and performance of the contract of a joint venture and settlement of disputes in connection therewith shall be governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China.
2，合营各方在解释或者履行合营企业协议、合同、章程时发生争议的，应当尽量通过友好协商或者调解解决。经过协商或者调解无效的，提请仲裁或者司法解决。 2. The disputes arising from the interpretation or performance of the joint venture agreement, contract and/or articles of association shall be settled through friendly consultation or conciliation between the parties to the joint venture. In case such consultation or conciliation fails, the disputes may be submitted to arbitration or a law court for settlement. 2. When a dispute between the parties to a joint venture arises from the interpretation or performance of the joint venture agreement, contract and/or articles of association, the parties shall make every endeavor to resolve it through friendly consultation or mediation. If such consultation or mediation comes to no avail, the parties shall submit the dispute to arbitration or a law court for settlement.
3，合营各方根据有关仲裁的书面协议，可以在中国的仲裁机构进行仲裁，也可以在其他们仲裁机构仲裁。 合营各方之间没有有关仲裁的书面协议的，发生争议的任何一方都可以依法向人民法院起诉。 3. The parties to a joint venture may apply for arbitration in a Chinese arbitration institution or another arbitration institution in accordance with their written agreement on arbitration. If there is no written agreement on arbitration between the parties to a joint venture, each party may start legal proceedings with a People’s Court according to law.
4。在解决争议期间，除争议事项外，合营各方应当继续履行合营企业协议、合同、章程所规定的其他各项条款。 4. In the course of dispute resolution, the parties to a joint venture shall continue to perform the provisions of the joint venture agreement, contract and articles of association, except for matters in dispute.
5。国家依法保护合作企业和中外合作者的合法权益。合作企业必须遵守中国的法律、法规，不得损害中国的社会公共利益。国家有关机关依法对合作企业实行监督。 5. The State will protect the legitimate rights and interests of the cooperative joint venture and the Chinese and foreign parties it according to law. Cooperative joint ventures must abide by Chinese laws and regulations, and must not jeopardize the public interests of China. The State authorities concerned shall exercise supervision over cooperative joint ventures according to law.
6。中外合作者履行合作企业合同、章程发生争议时，应当通过协商或者调解解决。中外合作者不愿通过协商、调解解决的，或者协商、调解不成的，可以依照合作企业合同中的仲裁条款或者事后达成的书面仲裁协议，提交中国仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构仲裁。 中外合作者没有在合作企业合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有达成书面仲裁协议的，可以向中国法院起诉。 6. When a dispute between the Chinese and foreign parties arises from the performance of the contract and/or articles of association of a cooperative joint venture, the parties shall resolve it through consultation or mediation. If the Chinese party and/or the foreign party are/is unwilling to settle the dispute through consultation or mediation, or the parties fail to settle it through consultation or mediation, they may submit it to a Chinese arbitration institution or another arbitration institution for arbitration in accordance with the arbitration clause contained in the cooperative joint venture contract or a written agreement on arbitration reached afterwards. If the cooperative joint venture contract between the Chinese and foreign parties does not contain any arbitration clause and not written agreement on arbitration is reached between the parties afterwards, the Chinese party or the foreign party may take a legal action in a Chinese court. Any disputes arising from the performance of cooperative venture contract and/or articles of association by the Chinese and foreign parties shall be settled through consultation or mediation. If the Chinese and/or foreign parties are/is unwilling to settle dispute by means of consultation or mediation, or such consultation or mediation fails, the disputes may be submitted to arbitration institutions of China or other countries in accordance with the arbitration clauses in the cooperative joint venture contract or written agreement on arbitrations reached after the disputes have occurred. In case there is neither arbitration clause in the cooperative joint venture contract nor written arbitration agreement reached after the dispute, legal actions can be commenced to Chinese Court.
7。当事人对合同条款的理解有争议的，应当按照合同所使用的词句、合同的有关条款、合同的目的、交易习惯以及诚实信用原则，确定该条款的真实意思。 合同文本采用两种以上文字订立并约定具有同等效力的，对各文本使用的词句推定具有相同含义。各文本使用的词句不一至的，应当根据合同的目的予以解释。 7. If a dispute arises between the parties over the understanding of a clause of the contract, the true intention of that clause shall be determined in accordance with the words and sentences used in the contract, the relevant clauses of the contract, the purpose of the contract, trade practice and the principle of good faith. If a contract is written in two or more languages and the parties agree that the various versions of the contract are equally authentic, it shall be presumed that the corresponding words and sentences in the various versions shall have the same meaning. In the case of a discrepancy in any word or sentence used in different versions, such word or sentence shall be interpreted on the basis of the purpose of the contract.
8。涉外合同的当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律，但法律另有规定的除外。涉外合同的当事人没有选择的，适用与合同最密切联系的国家的法律。 在中华人民共和国境内履行的中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同，适用中华人民共和国法律。 8. The parties to a contract involving a foreign partner may decide on the law to be applied to the handling of disputes in connection with the contract, unless otherwise stipulated by law. If the parties to a contract involving a foreign party have made no decision thereon, the law of the country that bears on the contract most closely shall apply. With respect to contracts for Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, for Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and for Chinese-foreign cooperative exploration and development of natural resources performed within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, the laws of the People’s Republic of China shall apply.
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