Unit 8 New Technologies of Air Pollution Control 大气污染控制的新技术
Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control Technology for VOC Emissions.Emissions.Emissions.Emissions.生物过滤：一种创新的大气挥发性有机物污染控制技术。
The concept of using microorganisms for the removal of environmentally undesirable compounds by biodegradation has been well established in the area of wastewater treatment for several decades.这种利用微生的生物降解作用去除环境中非期望的化合物的观念在数十年前已经非常好地建立在废水处理方面。
Not until recently, however, have biological technologies been seriously considered in the United States for the removal of pollutants from other environmental media.直到最近，生物学技术才被美国认真考虑用于去除其他环境媒介中的污染物质。
Moreover, while bioremediation techniques are now being applied successfully for the treatment of soil and groundwater contaminated by synthetic organics, at present there is very little practical experience with biological systems for the control of air contaminants among environmental professionals in the U S. 而且，生物除污技术在土壤和地下水得到了成功的应用，现在，在美国环保专业人员中，生物学系统在控制大气污染物方面只有很少的实践经验。
In fact, few environmental professionals in this country appear to be aware that “biofiltration” i.e., the biological removal of air contaminants from off-gas streams in a solid phase reactor, is now a well established air pollution control(APC) technology in several European countries, most notably The Netherlands and Germany.实际上，这个国家几乎没有环境的专家似乎意识到在好几个欧洲国家），“生物过滤”，即从固相反应器气流中空气污染物的生物去除法，是一种充分确立的空气污染控制技术。
In Europe, biofiltration has been used successfully to control odors, and both organic and inorganic air pollutants that are toxic to humans (air toxic, as well as volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a variety of industrial and public sector sources).在欧洲，生物过滤法已经成功地应用于控制对人类有害的气味、有机和无机的污染物{空气中的毒物，以及从各种各样工业的和公共的部门单位产生的挥发性有机物}。
The development of biofiltration in West Germany, most of which took place in the late 1970s and the 1980s, was brought about by a combination of increasingly stringent regulatory requirements and financial support from federal and state governments. 在西德，生物过滤法的发展，是由增加严格的管理控制要求和从联邦和州政府得到的经济支持的结合而带来的，其中大部分是在二十世纪70年代晚期和80年代进行的。
The experiences in Europe have demonstrated that biofiltration has economic and other advantages over existing APC technologies, particularly if applied to off-gas streams that contain only low concentrations (typically less than 1000 ppm as methane) of air pollutants that are easily biodegraded.欧洲的经验已经证明，生物过滤较已有的空气污染技术有着经济的和其他方面的优越性，特别是用于仅含有低浓度{典型地是加完浓雾小于1000ppm}易生物降解的空气污染物的尾气。
The principal reasons why biofiltration is not presently well recognized in the U.S., and has been applied in only a few cases, appear to be a lack of regulatory programs, little governmental support for research and development, and lack of descriptions written in the English language. 对于那些为什么生物过滤法如今在美国还不是很好地被认识和只应用于仅仅很少的一些情况的道理，可以认为是缺少控制的计划、来自政府对此技术研究和发展支持，更是缺少用英语写成的有关这些技术的文献。
Specifically, regulatory programs in most U.S. states have not yet addressed, in a comprehensive manner, the control of air toxics, VOC and odors from smaller sources. 具体来说，大部分计划在美国各州还没有用综合全面的态度去探讨来源于更小的源头的气体的毒性，挥发性有机物和臭味。
Moreover, little financial support for investigating the applicability of biofiltration for these sources has been provided by government agencies.而且，没有多少经济支持用于调查生物过滤对这些源头的适用性被政府部门所提供。
Finally, although several important papers on biofiltration have been published in English, most of the technical reports summarizing recent results, were published in German.最后，即使有几篇关于生物过滤的重要论文已经用英语出版，但是绝大部分总结最近结果的技术报告是在德国被出版的。
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