Precision and accuracy精确性与准确性
In reporting an environmental analysis it is also necessary to specify the precision and accuracy associated with the measurements. 在报道一个环境分析也需要确切的指明等测量相关的精确性和准确性。
Thus, many environmental measurements involve comparison of results obtained in different systems or under different conditions (of temperature, time, pollutant concentration, and so on) in the same system so that it is necessary to establish whether two numbers which are different are in fact indicative of different conditions.这样，许多环境测量，包含获得不同系统或同一系统不同条件结果的比较，以至于，有必要找出两个不同类型数字在事实上是否不是不同条件的指示。
State of matter物质状态
In making an environmental analysis it is necessary to designate the physical form of the species being analyzed. 在决策环境分析，标明所分析物种的物理构成是有必要的。
Most simply, this involves the actual state of matter in which the species exists (whether it is solid, liquid, or gas) since many species (both inorganic and organic) may exist concurrently in different states. 最简单的，由于许多物种（包括无机和有机）可能存在同时存在不同的形式，这涉及到存在的物种（无论是固体，液体或气体）的实际存在形态的问题。
For example, certain organic gases can exist either as gases or adsorbed onto the surface of solid particles, and the analytical procedures employed for determination of each form are quite different.例如，某些有机气体可作为气体或吸附表面的固体颗粒存在，而确定各种形式采用的分析程序是完全不同。
Element/compound distinction元素、化合物的区别
One of the most strongly emphasized aspects of environmental analysis involves the distinction between a chemical element and the chemical compound in which that element exists. 环境分析中强调的一个重要方面涉及到化学元素和有元素存在化学物的区别。
It is appropriate to establish the chemical form in which a given element exists in an environmental sample rather than simply to specify the fact that the element is present at a given concentration. 它明确地给出化学物在存在环境中的元素构成而不是简单给出元素现在的浓度。
While such a concept is philosophically acceptable, analytical methodology has not reached the stage where specification of inorganic compounds preset at trace level can readily be achieved.当这样的概念在科学上被接受，分析方法还未达到很容易地精确测出无机化合物痕量存在的水平。
Particle surfaces颗粒表面
Where pollutant species are present in or associated with a condensed phase, it is sometimes necessary to establish whether the pollutant is part of the bulk system or present on its surface. 污染物存在或联系凝结的状态,有时需要去确定污染物是否在体积内或存在它表面。
Such a consideration is particularly meaningful since material present on the surface of an airborne particle, for example, comes into immediate contact with the external environment, whereas that which is distributed uniformly throughout the particle is effectively present at a much lower concentration and can exert a much lower chemical intensity at the particle surface. 尤其意味深长的是因为物质存在与空中颗粒表面,例如直接与外部环境接触,然而在颗粒表面分布均匀在整个颗粒是有效地呈现在更低浓度和可以发挥更低的化学活性.
Since airborne particles can be inhaled, surface predominance can result in high localized concentrations of chemical species at the points of particle deposition in the lung.由于可以吸入空中的颗粒,表面控制可以导致肺部颗粒沉积点化学物质局部浓度升高.。
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