Unit 4 Environment Analysis 环境分析
Environmental analysis involves the performance of chemical, physical, and biological measurements in an environmental system.
在一个环境系统里，环境分析包括化学、物理以及生物测量的性能。
This system may involve either the natural or the polluted environment, although the term “environmental analysis” is increasingly used to refer only to situations in which measurements are made of pollutants.
这一系统不仅包含自然环境还包括污染环境，但是环境分析这个术语正在越来越多地用于污染物的测量。
Normally, four types of measurements are made: qualitative analysis to identify the species; quantitative analysis to determine how much of the species is present; speciation or characterization to establish details of chemical form and the manner in which the pollutant is actually present (such as being adsorbed onto the surface of a particle): and impact analysis in which measurements are made for the specific purpose of determining the extent to which an environmental impact is produced by the pollutants in question.
通常，测量有四种形式：定性分析，以确定目前的物种；定量分析，以确定有多少物种存在；形态或性质，确定目前污染物详细的化学组分和方法（如被吸附到表面的粒子）；和影响分析中测量的具体目的是确定在何种程度的环境影响所产生的污染物问题。
The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior.
环境分析的目的是为了制造一个可行的现实的评估，去获得目前在环境中自然和污染物的种类的相关信息，以便根据它们大致上的生活习惯做出切实的评估。
In the case of pollutants, this involves assessment of their actual or potential environmental impact, which may be manifest in several ways.
有可能以多种方式显示出的污染物方面涉及到那些实际货物的评估或者潜在的环境影响。
Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. 因此，一个被污染的物种可能对植物或者动物造成危害。
It may also cause contamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes. 它可能也会引起资源上的污染（比如大气、水和土壤）以致他们没法利用于其他目的。
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