英语语法手册–英语词法和句法

二月 10, 2013 | posted in: Company Blog | by

二.英语词法和句法

1.词法(morphology)

词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。英语词类的形式变化有:名词和代词的数、格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。

2.句法(syntax)句法研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其安排的规律。

3.词类和句子成分的关系在句子里,一定的句子成分由一定的词类来担任。现将哪些句子成分通常由哪些词类来担任列述如下:
1)主语:名词和代词
Beijing is the capital of our country.北京是我国的首都。(名词Beijing作主语) She is fond of sports.她爱好运动。(代词She作主语)
2)谓语动词:动词My brother rides. his bicycle to work.我哥哥骑自行车上班。(动词rides作谓语动词)
3)表语:名词、代词和形容词His father is a doctor.他父亲是个医生。(名词doctor作表语) The lesson is easy and Short.这课书又容易又短。(形容词easy和short作表语) That classroom is ours,那个教室是我们的。(代词ours作表语)
4)宾语:名词和代词I love music.我热爱音乐。(名词music作宾语) The medicine is good for her.这药对她有效。(代词her作宾语)
5)定语:形容词Li Hong is an excellent teacher.李红是一位好老师。(形容词excellent作定语)
6)状语:副词Our monitor does well in English.我们班长英语学得好。(副词well作状语)

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