Effects on plants and animals The detrimental impacts of air pollution are not limited to those involving human health.空气污染的有害影响的不仅限于人体健康。
Plants and animals are also susceptible.植物和动物也容易受影响。
For example, fluorine is emitted form aluminum, glass, phosphate, fertilizer, and some clay-baking operations in significant quantities.例如，氟是从铝，玻璃，磷酸盐，化肥，和一些粘土焙培活动中大量排放。
Frequently, the plant damage is observed on the fruit or on the flowers, either of which significantly lowers the value of the crop.通常情况下，可以从植物的果实或花朵观察到损害，无论哪一种损害都使作物的价值降低。
Fluorine affects plants at concentrations several orders of magnitude below that at which human health is affected.氟对人体健康影响的浓度比它对植物影响的浓度低好几个数量级。
Fluorine also has an effect at even lower concentrations when it is taken up by shrubs.即使氟的浓度很低，被灌木，树木或草吸收，随后被牛或其他牲畜进食，也会对这些动物造成影响。
The animals may develop fluorosis, although the plants may not show signs of damage.这些动物可能形成氟中毒，尽管植物可能不会出现被损坏的迹象。
The animals act as concentrators of the fluorine, resulting in poor animal health and associated lower animal value or survival capability.这些动物作为集中的氟，结果会导致其他动物健康的变坏，动物自身价值和生存能力的降低。
Some heavy metals, such as mercury and lead, and most radionuclides also become concentrated in plants and animals, frequently in specific organs.一些重金属，如汞和铅，大多数放射性核素，也能集中在动植物体内，经常是在特定的器官。
Different plants and animals have different susceptibilities to pollutants.不同的植物和动物对污染物具有不同的敏感性。
For example, sugar maple can tolerate relatively high concentrations of sulfur dioxide alone, but it is susceptible to damage form exposure to SO2 and O3 together.例如，糖枫能够容忍相对高浓度的二氧化硫，但它接触到SO2和O3的混合气体就会很容易受到损害。
White pine, on the other hand, is very sensitive to damage form either pollutant alone.白松，从另一方面说，是一种对单一污染物非常敏感很容易受到损害的植物。
Effects on materials 对材料的影响
Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal surfaces, a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.硫和氮氧化物反应，在大气中形成酸性化合物攻击金属表面，这个问题特别严重的影响通信，开关，和计算机产业。
Fluorine is particularly reactive, and at high atmospheric concentrations etching of glass has been observed. 氟是特别反应，并在大气中的浓度高的腐蚀玻璃已被观察到。
These impacts are taken into consideration when sensitive components are designed, and the required protective measures or design modifications add to the cost of the item being produced. 这些影响都被考虑到敏感元件的设计，以及所需的保护措施的修改增加的费用项目的制作中。
Hydrogen sulfide in the ambient atmosphere reacts with lead oxide in white paint to form lead sulfide, so that white houses have been observed to take on a brownish tint overnight. 硫化氢的环境反应氧化铅白色油漆，形成硫化铅，因此，白色的房屋在一夜之间被观察到变成被一种褐色染发剂染色。
Accelerated aging of synthetics and rubber due to exposure to atmospheric oxidants has already been noted.(Both the strength and color of the material are affected). 加速老化的合成材料和橡胶是由于暴露于大气被氧化剂氧化已经被指出。（材料无论是强度和色彩都被影响）
It is extremely difficult to estimate the dollar value of accelerated deterioration of materials and aesthetic items such as buildings, statues or horticultural plantings. 加速恶化的材料和审美项目的价值是极其困难估计，如建筑，雕塑或园艺种植。
It is generally agreed that damage from atmospheric pollution is measured in the billions of dollars. 它被普遍认为大气污染对它们的损害有数十亿美元。
Ambient air quality standards环境空气质量标准
Experimental results and research have been prepared for many other pollutants. 实验结果和研究编写了许多其他污染物的资料。
Using these data, we can establish ambient air quality standards at which pollutant effects will not be detectable.使用这些数据。我们可以建立那些未被探测到的污染物的环境空气质量标准。
These data have led to the establishment of primary standards to protect health only and secondary standards to protect against effects to other systems. 这些数据导致建立了初级标准以保障市民健康和二级标准以防止影响到其他系统。
Standards are established for various samples averaging periods, because effects are dependent upon pollutant concentration and exposure time. 标准是建立在各种样品平均时期，因为它们的影响取决于污染物浓度和接触时间。
1 (1) Reduction in visibility results in a social cost due to slowdown of air traffic and need for instrument-guided landing systems. 能见度降低导致的社会资源浪费，因为放缓的空中交通需要必要手段引导着陆系统。
（2）These impacts are taken into consideration when sensitive components are designed and the required protective measures or design modifications add to the item being produced这些影响都被考虑到敏感元件的设计，以及所需的保护措施或设计上的修改增加的费用项目的制作中。
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