Equipment modifications设备改造
Equipment may be modified to enhance recovery or recycling operations, to produce less waste, or to improve operating efficiency.
设备能够被改造以能够提高恢复或回收的操作率设，产生更少废物，或提高操作效率。
An Exxon plant in Bayway, New Jersey, installed floating roofs on 16 tanks storing the most volatile chemicals used in the plant. A floating roof is a cover that rests on the liquid changes, thus minimizing the formation of chemical vapors that have to be vented from the tank. Emissions reductions totaled 680000 pounds per year, worth more than 200000 dollars.
在新泽西的Bayway，一个Exxon部门，在16个容器中安装了储存了在工厂中使用的最有挥发性的化学品的浮顶。浮顶根随着液体水平的变化而升降，因此，使必须从工厂被排放出的化工蒸气减到最小化。污染物每年总的减少量是680，000磅，价值超过200，000元。
Operating practices操作实践
Often good housekeeping is the key to better waste minimization. Such practices as maintaining a strict preventive maintenance program eliminate much wasted material.
一般地，好的内部管理是废物最少化的关键。这样维持一个严密的定期检修的经验能够减少很多废料。
Sloppy housekeeping practices such as leaking tanks, valves, or pumps may cause process chemicals to spill requiring cleanup and disposal.
散漫的内部管理习惯如储罐，阀门，或泵的泄漏，可能造成处理化学制品溢出而需要采取净化和处理措施。
Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dropout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.
不够干净或不充足的洗液时间将减少处理化学制品的有用性，增加废物处理的费用和化工替换的费用。
Improving materials receiving, storage, and handling practices are needed in some plants so that materials are not “wasted” before use.
在一些部门中提高材料的接收，储存和操作实践，材料在没有使用之前就不是“废物”了。
Educating employees so that equipment is used correctly is important. For example, operator training on proper painting spray techniques may offer untold benefits.
对于教育工作者设备能正确的使用是很重要的，例如，操作者适当地运用喷雾技术可能会有意想不到的收获。
Purchasing and inventory practices may need improvement. Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste . Having agreements with suppliers to recycle containers, use less packaging, ect., may reduce the solid waste of the company.
采购和仓库里的管理可能需要改善。原材料因为存放在架子上太长时间失去了它们本身的使用价值，从而变成了废物。和供销商达成协议去回收容器，使用少用包装等等，都可以减少固体废物在工厂里的产生。
Proper segregation of waste streams will allow more opportunity for recycling and reclamation.
对废物的适当分离将为回收和利用提供更多的机会。
It is often less expensive to recycle a chemical than to purchase new material and pay foe disposal costs.
回收利用一个化学品比购买一个新的物质和对旧物质的处置费用要低。
Sometimes, a material may no longer meet specifications for one purpose but may be suitable for others uses at the facility.
有时候，一个材料也许不再符合来的规格，但是也许可以适用于设施适上的其他用途。
For example, solvent used to clean paint equipment may serve as thinner for the next batch. Closed-loop systems eliminate disposal of hazardous chemicals.
譬如，被用于清洗油漆设备的溶剂也许对于下一批产品起稀释剂作用。
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