Interaction of Systems 互动系统
A number of different environmental problems are associated with water, air, or land systems. 许多不同的环境问题都涉及到水问题，空气，或土壤。
Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown into these categories.许多这些问题只适用于在其中一个系统，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems within one system.这种分类也有助于更容易理解一个系统里的相关问题。
Moreover, it is sensible because, for manager and administrative reasons, such subfields as air pollution, water supply, wastewater disposal, and solid waste disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.此外，这样做是明智的，因为是行政管理的原因，空气污染，水供应，固体废物处置和废水处理，往往是由政府机构分别处理的。
Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air, water, or land system, but involve interactions between systems.很遗憾的是,许多重要的环境问题不只局限于一个空气，水，或土壤系统，更涉及系统之间的相互作用。
A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations, smelters, and automobile exhausts。目前的一个例子是酸雨问题,根源是许多发电站，冶炼，汽汽车排出的废气中进入大气的二氧化硫和氮氧化物气体。
These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions.这些气体被气流运送到广阔的区域。
Rainfall “washes them out”, creating acid rain which is harmful to aquatic life, forests, and agricultural crops.雨水“将它们洗去”，产生了对水生生物，森林和农作物有害的酸雨。
Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature. 两个有关于系统间相互作用引起的环境问题有：空气中的二氧化碳的增加的全球性问题以及具有地域性质的酸雨问题。
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